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	<title>the-long-tail &amp;laquo; WordPress.com Tag Feed</title>
	<link>http://wordpress.com/tag/the-long-tail/</link>
	<description>Feed of posts on WordPress.com tagged "the-long-tail"</description>
	<pubDate>Wed, 08 Oct 2008 00:22:40 +0000</pubDate>

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<item>
<title><![CDATA[TechNation Australia » Kwoff Gets Picked Up By More Big Media]]></title>
<link>http://beyonddigitalmedia.wordpress.com/2008/10/05/technation-australia-%c2%bb-kwoff-gets-picked-up-by-more-big-media/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 05 Oct 2008 13:04:13 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Chris Bishops</dc:creator>
<guid>http://beyonddigitalmedia.bg.wordpress.com/2008/10/05/technation-australia-%c2%bb-kwoff-gets-picked-up-by-more-big-media/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[I just read this story on TechNation and wanted to re-post it as I concur absolutely. I have also me]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I just read this story on <a href="http://www.technation.com.au/2008/10/01/kwoff-gets-picked-up-by-more-big-media/">TechNation</a> and wanted to re-post it as I concur absolutely. I have also met with Dan Walsh from <a href="http://www.kwoff.com">Kwoff</a> and highly recommend the site. I have had many discussions with colleagues about the value of a site like <a href="http://www.kwoff.com">Kwoff</a> for Australia and we agree that it is almost impossible to target or reach an Australian audience through <a href="http://www.digg.com">Digg</a> currently. Walsh's co-founders are Stephen Mayne from <a href="http://www.crikey.com.au/">Crikey</a> and Greg Barnes. You can see <a href="http://video.maynereport.com/Video.aspx?id=13011">Stephen Mayne put Dan 'under the hammer' on The Mayne Report.</a></p>
<p>_________________________________________________</p>
<p>Kwoff Gets Picked Up By More Big Media</p>
<p>October 1, 2008 9:08 am Kim Heras</p>
<p>Social news aggregator Kwoff continues to get picked up by more and more publishers looking to leverage the social web. Not long ago a link to kwoff was added under all online articles on the Daily Telegraph’s site. Now they’ve been added to News’s Victorian tabloid, the Herald Sun as well as the Illawarra Mercury, which is Fairfax’s regional newspaper for Wollongong and the surrounding areas.</p>
<p>There are 3 things that make me happy about this</p>
<p>1. It shows an even greater commitment by leading media outlets to social news</p>
<p>2. Both News and Fairfax could have stuck with Digg etc. but chose to add an Aussie site</p>
<p>3. Kwoff co-founder Dan Walsh (who I’ve spoken to several times) is a nice guy and it makes me happy to see nice guys doing well.</p>
<p>Actually, next time you’re posting something to Digg/Reddit etc. why not add Kwoff to your list? It’ll only take a few extra seconds but you’ll be supporting the local industry.</p>
<p>via <a href="http://www.technation.com.au/2008/10/01/kwoff-gets-picked-up-by-more-big-media/">TechNation Australia » Blog Archive » Kwoff Gets Picked Up By More Big Media</a>.</p>
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<item>
<title><![CDATA[Chris Anderson explains the long tail]]></title>
<link>http://beyonddigitalmedia.wordpress.com/?p=207</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 05 Oct 2008 10:15:05 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Chris Bishops</dc:creator>
<guid>http://beyonddigitalmedia.bg.wordpress.com/2008/10/05/chris-anderson-explains-the-long-tail/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[UK-based site Intruders.tv is a &#8220;global network of video blogs covering the web 2.0 and techno]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>UK-based site <a href="http://uk.intruders.tv/About-Intruders-tv_a8.html">Intruders.tv</a> is a "global network of video blogs covering the web 2.0 and technology ecosystem". 					 They interviewed <a href="http://uk.intruders.tv/A-conversation-with-Chris-Anderson-from-Wired_a243.html">Chris Anderson about The Long Tail at a recent conference</a> and asked why people have attacked his theories, business models and philosophies about the internet. Anderson also discusses his motivations and key concepts in this interesting video.</p>
<p><span style="display:block;width:425px;margin:0 auto;"> [vodpod id=Groupvideo.1631080&#38;w=425&#38;h=350&#38;fv=allowfullscreen%3Dtrue%26quality%3Dhigh%26]</span></p>
<div style="font-size:10px;">more about "<a href="http://vodpod.com/watch/1058982-chris-anderson-interview?pod=cwb88">Chris Anderson Interview</a>", posted with <a href="http://vodpod.com/wordpress">vodpod</a></div>
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<item>
<title><![CDATA[We Won't Have to Buy "Stuff"]]></title>
<link>http://barmarbybroox.wordpress.com/?p=591</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 02 Oct 2008 12:36:43 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Stephen Brooks</dc:creator>
<guid>http://barmarbybroox.bg.wordpress.com/2008/10/02/we-wont-have-to-buy-stuff/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[The object to the right is what is called a &#8220;3D printer.&#8221;  It can create any object out]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img class="alignright" src="http://soa.syr.edu/computing/images/invision.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="400" />The object to the right is what is called a "3D printer."  It can create any object out of plastic with nothing more than a digital description of the desired result and some composite material.  The way it works is that successive cross-sections of the object are "printed" on top of one another until the whole piece is completed.</p>
<p>These machines currently cost 10s of thousands of dollars, but that cost is falling fast.  And the implications of universal affordability are almost Star Trekian in their extent.  Imagine if every home had one.  Anything - ANYTHING - made out of plastic could be printed instantly, as long as you had the digital design of that item.  And digital designs will be like MP3 files - an artist (or designer) creates the original model, then digitizes it, then sells it to a few fans.  But soon, it's available for free on dodgy file "sharing" sites like Limewire.  So anyone can download the design and replicate it in their home for nothing more than the cost of their substrate material.</p>
<p>Granted, it will be a while before you can print yourself a Ferrari or even a frying pan.  But think of all the cheap plastic stuff we have to pay for now that we could print:  picnic utensils, plates and cups; Hallowe'en masks; cheap children's toys; storage bins; clothes hangers; flip flops (maybe even Crocs!).  That last example is telling: the raw material in a pair of Crocs probably costs about 2¢, but they cost upwards of $30 to purchase.  A little bit of that money goes to compensate the company that designed them (analogous to the musician in our MP3 example), but that vast majority of the mark-up goes to the cost of paying the people to make them, the transportation from China, the redistribution to various retail outlets, and the retailer's margin.</p>
<p>So even if you <em>paid</em>  the designer, say 99¢ (the same as a song at iTunes), and considering the cost for your liquid polymer substrate, say $1, you can have a pair of Crocs instantly, in your home, perfectly fitted, for two bucks.</p>
<p>So to all you retailers out there, take a lesson from barkeepers:  people can easily drink at home, but they choose to go to bars.  Once people can get anything in your store at home, what are you going to do to get them to come to your store?</p>
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<item>
<title><![CDATA[Belgian eCommerce latest trends and precious tips]]></title>
<link>http://cmoitier.wordpress.com/?p=78</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 29 Sep 2008 15:32:40 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>cmoitier</dc:creator>
<guid>http://cmoitier.bg.wordpress.com/2008/09/29/belgian-ecommerce-latest-trends-and-precious-tips/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[
]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[slideshare id=624586&#38;doc=ecommercemeridien-1222701510730648-8&#38;w=425]</p>
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<item>
<title><![CDATA[De waarde van web 2.0: online groepsvorming in toerisme]]></title>
<link>http://nielsbroekzitter.wordpress.com/?p=77</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 29 Sep 2008 10:11:23 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>nbroekzitter86</dc:creator>
<guid>http://nielsbroekzitter.bg.wordpress.com/2008/09/29/online-groepsvorming-in-toerisme/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Naar aanleiding van het artikel op marketingfacts heb ik een PowerPoint gemaakt en ben ik op video g]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="__ss_599235" style="width:425px;text-align:left;">Naar aanleiding van het <a href="http://www.marketingfacts.nl/berichten/20080929_de_waarde_van_web_20_communities_en_social_media/" target="_blank">artikel op marketingfacts</a> heb ik een <a href="http://www.nielsbroekzitter.nl/index.php?option=com_content&#38;view=article&#38;id=60:online-communities-in-toerisme&#38;catid=42:presentaties&#38;Itemid=94" target="_blank">PowerPoint</a> gemaakt en ben ik <a href="http://www.nielsbroekzitter.nl/index.php?option=com_content&#38;view=article&#38;id=78:de-waarde-van-web-20-communities-in-toerisme&#38;catid=43:video&#38;Itemid=94" target="_blank">op video geïnterviewd</a>. De presentatie en de video geven weer hoe toerisme in de nabije toekomst in zijn werk gaat.</div>
<div style="margin:0;"></div>
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<title><![CDATA[Hoofdstuk 1: gez. waardecreatie]]></title>
<link>http://nielsbroekzitter.wordpress.com/?p=65</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 25 Sep 2008 17:36:03 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>nbroekzitter86</dc:creator>
<guid>http://nielsbroekzitter.bg.wordpress.com/2008/09/25/hoofdstuk-1-gez-waardecreatie/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Bekijk de originele tekst, met voetnoten hier
Gezamenlijke waardecreatie
Internet heeft veel verande]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://nbroekzitter86.pbwiki.com/Hoofdstuk-1">Bekijk de originele tekst, met voetnoten hier</a></p>
<p><strong>Gezamenlijke waardecreatie</strong><br />
Internet heeft veel veranderingen teweeg gebracht. Vooral in de afgelopen 10 jaar is er veel veranderd, ook binnen de reisbranche. Touroperators zijn online gaan verkopen en toeristen gaan zich groeperen op internet om informatie uit te wisselen over de vakanties. Dit eerste hoofdstuk dient als uitleg voor de termen die later in dit rapport gebruikt zullen worden. Veelgebruikte termen als the long tail, web 2.0, user generated content, wisdom of the crowds en crowdsourcing worden in dit hoofdstuk verklaard. Bovendien worden in dit hoofdstuk de grondbeginselen van samenwerking tussen toeristen en touroperators uitgelegd. <!--more--><br />
<strong><br />
1.1 The long tail </strong><br />
The long tail gaat over overvloed in tijden dat er voor klanten teveel keuze is en de winkelschappen die overstromen. Het model haakt in op de definitie van economie die gaat over schaarste. The long tail geeft weer dat producten die voor een nichemarkt of een kleine doelgroep gemaakt zijn gezamenlijk meer marktaandeel hebben dan de marktleiders.</p>
<p>Internet maakt het mogelijk om deze nichemarkten makkelijker te ontdekken en te bedienen en bovendien heeft internet geen beperkingen in schapruimte, waar de verschillende producten getoond kunnen worden. Grote internetdistributieketens als Amazon.com kunnen hierdoor een onbeperkt aantal producten verkopen en daarmee ook de nichemarkt bedienen.</p>
<p><strong>Afbeelding 1: “The long tail” </strong></p>
<p><img class="alignnone" title="The long tail" src="http://www.novelr.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/02/long_tail_graph.gif" alt="" width="448" height="325" /></p>
<p style="text-align:left;">Dit biedt perspectieven voor nichemarkten die via internet gemakkelijk kunnen verkopen en gezamenlijk dus meer verkopen dan de marktleiders in dezelfde branche. Vooral voor online distributeurs, die producten aan kleine groepen kunnen verkopen en daarmee toch meer verdienen dan offline distributeurs die door een gebrek aan schapruimte alleen aan de grote massa verkopen, is dit een manier om meer omzet te genereren.</p>
<p>Ook in toerisme geldt de theorie van the long tail. Door het internet kunnen tours van gespecialiseerde touroperators gemakkelijker verkocht worden aan nichemarkten. Deze gespecialiseerde touroperators hebben dan, volgens the long tail, gezamenlijk meer marktaandeel dan de marktleiders.<br />
<strong><br />
1.2 Web 2.0</strong><br />
Het knappen van de internetzeepbel in 2001, wat veroorzaakt werd door de grote hype rond internet dat de verwachtingen niet waar kon maken, betekende een nieuwe start voor bedrijven die de internetdepressie overleefd hebben. Deze flexibele bedrijven hebben in veel opzichten veel overeenkomsten en ontwikkelden in korte tijd veel revolutionaire webtechnologieën die het internet dynamischer en interactiever maakten. Web 2.0 wordt niet gezien als een computernetwerk, zoals het traditionele internet gezien werd.  Web 2.0 houdt in dat het internet gebruikt wordt als een platform waar computerkracht en menselijke participatie samenkomen .</p>
<p>Web 2.0 betekent niet dat er een nieuwe versie van het internet is ontwikkeld, zoals de term doet vermoeden. Web 2.0 is meer de inzet van nieuwe en slimmere webtechnologieën die het web dynamischer en interactiever maken. In de tijden van web 1.0 ging alles om connecties tussen computers, terwijl web 2.0 juist gaat om connecties tussen mensen. Web 2.0 verbindt meer dan een miljard mensen rechtstreeks met elkaar en maakt meer interactie tussen deze mensen mogelijk . Door de ontwikkeling van nieuwe programmeertalen als XML kan informatie op het web 2.0 nu gemakkelijk gefilterd, gekoppeld, vermengd en op meerdere websites geplaatst kan worden. Samen met de toegenomen mogelijkheden om als internetgebruiker te publiceren en discussiëren op het web, moet dit de gebruikerservaring van de internetter verhogen.</p>
<p><strong>1.3 User generated content</strong></p>
<p><em>"Content made publicly available over the Internet, which reflects a "certain amount of creative effort", and which is "created outside of professional routines and practices."”</em></p>
<ul style="text-align:left;">
<li>Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align:left;">User generated content houdt in dat internetgebruikers zelf informatie op het internet plaatsen zonder dat een bedrijf of instantie hier aanleiding toe geeft. User generated content ontstaat dus bottom-up. Door user generated content zijn internetgebruikers tevens auteur op internet. Dat betekent dat iedereen in staat is om de eigen informatie te beheren. Iedereen met internettoegang kan op web 2.0 informatie plaatsen en weer verwijderen zonder programmeerkennis. De gebruiker wordt uitgenodigd om deel te nemen op het internet in plaats van passief de statische informatie te consumeren. Voorbeelden hiervan zijn video’s plaatsen op YouTube, foto’s plaatsen op Flickr en krabbels versturen via Hyves. Informatie op het internet wordt niet langer alleen door webdesigners geproduceerd, de thuisgebruiker is nu vaak tevens auteur op internet.</p>
<p>De ‘digitale snelweg’ waar iedereen individueel op weg is naar de eindbestemming verandert hierdoor in een hele grote ‘digitale markt’ waar mensen kunnen kopen of juist verkopen. Een ander belangrijk kenmerk van een markt dat zich vanuit het "echte leven" naar internet verplaatst is dat mensen elkaar ontmoeten en met elkaar in gesprek kunnen gaan. Voor bedrijven betekent dit dat het internet niet langer een medium is om de markt te benaderen; internet is de markt.</p>
<p><strong>1.4 De basisprincipes van gezamenlijke waardecreatie</strong><br />
Pine en Gillmore (1997)  en Prahalad (2004)  schreven al dat de verhoudingen tussen bedrijven en klanten radicaal zou veranderen. Deze zullen in de toekomst meer gaan samenwerken en werken aan nieuwe producten. De één kan daarbij niet zonder de ander en voor beide partijen levert dit waarde op. Caspers, Hosman e.a. (1999)  schreven dat bedrijven veel activiteiten gaan uitbesteden, omdat de transactiekosten door internet dalen, waardoor de vrije markt goedkoper wordt. Hierdoor ontstaan er netwerken van samenwerkende bedrijven. Prahalad gaat nog verder door te beweren dat deze netwerken flexibel zijn en ingezet worden om in de behoefte van één individuele klant te voorzien. Binnen bedrijfsnetwerken bevindt zich een knooppuntbedrijf en dat is het aanspreekpunt voor klanten. Dit bedrijf bepaalt in grote mate welke bedrijven in het netwerk ingeschakeld worden om een ervaring te creëren voor de klant. In dit rapport wordt er uitgegaan van de touroperator als knooppuntbedrijf. Voorwaarde is dat de bedrijfsnetwerken een breed scala aan competenties in huis hebben en de juiste competenties op elk moment en in elke situatie kunnen activeren. Klanten organiseren zich in online groepen, waar deze gezamenlijk veel invloed kunnen uitoefenen. In de nabije toekomst zal het vaker voorkomen dat deze twee groepen met elkaar gaan samenwerken. Het traditionele denkpatroon, die grofweg gebaseerd is op de volgende twee stellingen, geldt daarom niet meer:</p>
<ul>
<li>Alleen bedrijven kunnen waarde creëren, klanten zijn hierin passief.</li>
<li>Waarde zit alleen in producten of diensten.</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align:left;">Waarde voor klanten heeft te maken met de plaats waar de klant is, het moment waarop de waarde toegevoegd wordt en heeft meer met gebeurtenissen te maken dan met producten. Deze factoren zijn persoonsafhankelijk. Waarde is voor iedereen verschillend en dat maakt iedere klant uniek. Een product of dienst moet dus een verrijking zijn voor het leven van de klant. Dat gaat over ervaringen en veel verder dan alleen producten en diensten. De individuele klant wordt hierdoor het middelpunt van de organisatie. Door samenwerking tussen klanten en bedrijven worden persoonlijke ervaringen gecreëerd voor de klant. Om dit te bereiken zijn er een aantal bouwstenen noodzakelijk:</p>
<ul>
<li>Dialoog: door interactie met klanten wordt de emotionele binding met bedrijven of merken groter. Klanten kunnen deelnemen aan een gemeenschap en daarmee communiceren met een bedrijf. Bovendien is de klant invloedrijker door de deelname aan een groep. Bedrijven en leveranciers komen meer te weten van de klant en kunnen hier van leren. Dialoog moet ontstaan rond thema's die zowel de klant als het bedrijf interesseren.</li>
<li>Toegang: klanten hoeven geen eigenaar van een product te zijn om te kunnen profiteren van een ervaring. Een leaseauto is hier een voorbeeld van. Toegang is ergens gebruik van maken, zonder iets in bezit te hebben. Er wordt betaald naar gebruik. In toerisme is dit echter nauwelijks een factor om rekening mee te houden: een toerist koopt geen hotelkamer.</li>
<li>Risico: klanten willen een persoonlijke ervaring, maar willen hier zelf niet verantwoordelijk voor zijn. Stel dat een toerist tussen de haaien wil zwemmen? Wie is er verantwoordelijk voor een eventuele slechte afloop? Het is belangrijk om dit soort juridische zaken goed te bespreken.</li>
<li>Transparantie: door de toenemende kennis en toegang tot informatie kunnen bedrijven een aantal zaken niet meer afschermen. Doordat een bedrijf laat zien wat het doet, wordt de geloofwaardigheid en het vertrouwen groter en kunnen klanten eventueel zelf gebruik maken van het netwerk van een bedrijf.</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align:left;">Door deze bouwstenen toe te passen op de bedrijfsvoering, wordt de kwaliteit van de ervaring belangrijker dan de kwaliteit van producten en diensten. In dialoog gaan met klanten is een belangrijke schakel in gezamenlijk waarde creëren. Om dit te realiseren is er een ervaringsomgeving nodig, een platform om gezamenlijk waarde te creëren, bijvoorbeeld een online groep. Binnen deze groep zijn er meerdere bedrijven en klanten aanwezig. Daarnaast moet er een knooppuntbedrijf aanwezig zijn dat in staat is om de verschillende expertises en competenties van alle bedrijven in het netwerk te koppelen.</p>
<p><strong>1.5 Wisdom of the crowds en crowdsourcing</strong><br />
Een grote hoeveelheid mensen hebben met elkaar meer kennis dan de slimste genie die er op de wereld rondloopt ooit kan hebben. Via web 2.0 kan deze kennis ingeschakeld worden. De termen ‘wisdom of the crowds’ en ‘crowdsourcing’ zijn bedacht om de toenemende invloed van internetters op bedrijven een naam te geven.</p>
<p><strong>Wisdom of the crowds</strong><br />
Wisdom of the crowds is de kennis of creativiteit die de grote groep internetters ter beschikking heeft. Dit komt vaak naar buiten op online discussiegroepen als Tweakers.net  waar een grote groep mensen met een zekere kennis of interesse in computers informatie uitwisselt. Bedrijven en instanties geven geen aanleiding tot deze informatie-uitwisseling. Het zijn de internetgebruikers zelf die de discussie starten.</p>
<p>Online consumentengroepen kunnen een waardevolle informatiebron zijn voor bedrijven om te weten te komen wat klanten over de producten denken en wat de behoeften van de doelgroepen zijn. Een touroperator kan bijvoorbeeld nagaan wat toeristen vinden van de hotels waar deze overnacht hebben en besluiten om een samenwerking aan te gaan, danwel stop te zetten. Beter internetresearch kan inzichten geven in de behoeften van toeristen. Wordt er op het internet bijvoorbeeld veel gesproken over een bepaalde bestemming, dan kan het zinvol zijn voor een touroperator om hierop in te spelen.</p>
<p>User generated content heeft inmiddels gezorgd voor 113 miljoen blogs en ruim 2 keer zoveel leden op de twee grootste sociale netwerken ter wereld alleen al. Datamining houdt in dat veel informatie die op internet te vinden is gefilterd kan worden, zodat alleen relevante informatie bij een touroperator terecht komt. Een touroperator kan daarmee precies nagaan of er negatief gesproken wordt over het bedrijf, een hotel of juist positief over een nieuwe bestemming. Zo kan informatie uit wisdom of the crowds gebruikt worden om in te spelen op de opinie van de internetgebruikers .</p>
<p><strong>Crowdsourcing</strong><br />
Indien een organisatie of instelling aanleiding geeft om informatie uit te wisselen op internet wordt dit crowdsourcing genoemd. De organisatie besteedt bepaalde taken van het bedrijf uit aan het publiek. De logica hierachter is: het publiek wil een product dat in de behoeften voorziet, dus het publiek weet ook het beste waar een product aan moet voldoen. Crowdsourcing wordt door sommige bedrijven al succesvol ingezet om de producten beter op de eindgebruiker af te stemmen of om innovatie te stimuleren. De T-shirtproducent Threadless laat bijvoorbeeld klanten zelf hun shirts online ontwerpen met kans dat deze ook in de productie worden genomen. Slim Devices, een elektronicaproducent, laat klanten online meedenken met productontwikkeling. Hierdoor zijn er al 2 innovatieve producten op de markt gebracht.</p>
<p>Volgens Vulink en Van Leeuwen-Fontein(2008) zijn er grofweg 4 fasen in crowdsourcing te onderscheiden. Deze fasen worden uitgebreid toegelicht in bijlage 4. Vertaald naar de toerismebranche zien die fasen er als volgt uit :</p>
<ul>
<li>In de eerste fase (selecteren) vragen touroperators aan een aantal toeristen om online te stemmen op concepten van nieuwe producten. De hoogste gewaardeerde concepten worden vervolgens verbeterd en in de markt gezet.</li>
<li>In de tweede fase (personaliseren) kunnen toeristen uit een reeks voorgeselecteerde hotels, vervoerders en toeristische attracties de eigen vakantie samenstellen. Touroperators bieden maatwerk, maar bepalen nog steeds wat er aangeboden wordt.</li>
<li>In de derde fase (inspireren) gaan touroperators in gesprek met toeristen. De twee partijen wisselen ideeën uit over nieuwe vakanties. Hierdoor ontstaat productinnovatie in samenwerking met de klant.</li>
<li>In de vierde fase (participeren) worden ervaren reizigers betrokken bij de ontwikkeling van nieuwe tours. Deze toeristen weten bijvoorbeeld veel over een bepaalde bestemming en kunnen een waardevolle informatiebron voor touroperators zijn.</li>
<li>In de vijfde fase (faciliteren) worden nieuwe producten vanuit de vraag ontwikkeld. Touroperators zorgen ervoor dat toeristen met gemeenschappelijke kenmerken elkaar online ontmoeten en vervolgens met behulp van de expertise van de touroperator een eigen tour samenstellen voor deze selecte groep. Tours ontstaan bottom-up vanuit de vraag van de nichemarkten.</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align:left;"><strong>1.6 Samenvatting</strong><br />
Volgens de theorie van the long tail hebben de nichemarkten gezamenlijk meer marktaandeel dan de marktleiders in dezelfde branche. Internet maakt het immers mogelijk om deze nichemarkten gemakkelijker te benaderen en te bedienen. Dit zou betekenen dat de gespecialiseerde touroperators tezamen meer marktaandeel hebben dan de marktleiders in de reisbranche. Sinds 2001 is het internet echter niet meer alleen een informatie- en verkoopkanaal. Na het knappen van de internetzeepbel in 2001 spreekt met van web 2.0. In de tijden van web 1.0 ging alles om connecties tussen computers, terwijl web 2.0 juist gaat om connecties tussen mensen. Op het “nieuwe internet” is de gebruiker de baas en deze plaatsen dan ook zelf informatie op het internet plaatsen zonder dat een bedrijf of instantie hier aanleiding toe geeft: user generated content.</p>
<p>Bedrijven zijn door de verlaging van de transactiekosten meer gaan uitbesteden en organiseren zich in bedrijfsnetwerken. Daar tegenover staan online klantgroepen, waar klanten gezamenlijk veel invloed kunnen uitoefenen. In de nabije toekomst zal het vaker voorkomen dat deze twee groepen met elkaar gaan samenwerken.</p>
<p>Klanten zijn niet allemaal hetzelfde. Waarde voor klanten heeft te maken met de plaats waar de klant is, het moment waarop de waarde toegevoegd wordt en heeft meer met gebeurtenissen te maken dan met producten. Waarde is voor iedereen verschillend en dat maakt iedere klant uniek. Daarom gaat waarde tegenwoordig veel verder dan de waarde van producten en diensten. Waarde gaat over ervaringen. Door de bouwstenen van gezamenlijke waardecreatie toe te passen op de bedrijfsvoering, wordt de kwaliteit van de ervaring belangrijker dan de kwaliteit van producten en diensten.</p>
<p>Wisdom of the crowds is de kennis of creativiteit die de grote groep internetters ter beschikking heeft. Internetters starten in dit geval zelf een discussie met andere internetgebruikers over een bepaald onderwerp. Zulke discussies kunnen interessant zijn voor touroperators. Online discussies kunnen namelijk een waardevolle informatiebron zijn voor bedrijven om te weten te komen wat klanten over de producten denken en wat de behoeften van de doelgroepen zijn. Datamining is hierbij een belangrijk hulpmiddel. Datamining houdt in dat veel informatie die op internet te vinden is gefilterd kan worden, zodat alleen relevante informatie bij een touroperator terecht komt.</p>
<p>Indien een organisatie of instelling aanleiding geeft om informatie uit te wisselen op internet wordt dit crowdsourcing genoemd. De organisatie besteedt bepaalde taken van het bedrijf uit aan het publiek. De logica hierachter is: het publiek wil een product dat in de behoeften voorziet, dus het publiek weet ook het beste waar een product aan moet voldoen. Hierin zijn de fasen selecteren, personaliseren, inspireren, participeren en faciliteren te onderscheiden.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Class Agenda: September 24, 2008]]></title>
<link>http://sjsumcom63.wordpress.com/?p=136</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 24 Sep 2008 18:16:10 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>ssloansjca</dc:creator>
<guid>http://sjsumcom63.bg.wordpress.com/2008/09/24/class-agenda-september-24-2008/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[
What do you think of this?
I want you to post a thoughtful reaction to this video. How do you feel ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMcfrLYDm2U"><img style="border:0 solid;width:366px;height:371px;" src="http://homepage.mac.com/s_sloan/blogpics/2007/09/1101.jpg" alt="Did you know" /></a><br />
<strong>What do you think of this?</strong><br />
I want you to post a thoughtful reaction to this video. How do you feel about this? Does it make you feel optimistic or pessimistic about your future? What kind of challenges do you as a student feel you will need to react to? Please post to the blog on this topic for next week's class. Put the category <em>"Did You You Know 2.0" </em>on your post.<br />
<em>~Steve</em></p>
<p><strong>Discussion of the long tail<br />
</strong></p>
<p><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7xAA71Ssids"><img style="border:0 solid;width:360px;height:309px;" src="http://homepage.mac.com/s_sloan/blogpics/2008/02/1301.jpg" alt="The day of the long tail" /></a></p>
<p><strong>Web 2.0 and election 2008</strong><br />
Has <strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2">Web 2.0</a></strong> and "new media" technology changed the paradigm for political campaigning? How about other areas of our society? For further thought see the <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nupdcGwIG-g&#38;feature=related">Endless Love</a> video.</p>
<p><strong>InDesign Lab Assignment:<br />
</strong><br />
<a href="http://homepage.mac.com/s_sloan/apsc_2007/ind_cs3_lab2.pdf"><img style="border:0 solid;width:366px;height:466px;" src="http://homepage.mac.com/s_sloan/apsc_2007/ind_cs3_lab2.jpg" alt="Adobe Indesign CS3, Lab 2" /></a></p>
<p><strong>Today: InDesign CS3 Lab Two</strong><br />
In the last class we learned the basics of importing text and importing, as well as resizing, images into InDesign CS3. Now we will put those skills to use and create a newsletter. Here are the materials you will need, be sure to load them on your computer's desktop:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://homepage.mac.com/s_sloan/apsc_2007/ind_cs3_lab2.pdf">Lab Worksheet [PDF]</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.edupodder.com/sessions/excercises/newsletter_class.zip">Lab Files [ZIP]</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Assignments Due: Today</h3>
<p>Blog Post: Reflections on the changing world of communications, mass communications and journalism. How do you see the world changing for professional communicators? Place this in the category, <em>the machine is us</em>.</p>
<p>Lynda, <em>InDesign CS3 Essential Training with David Blatner:</em> the following chapters and all videos inside them:</p>
<ol>
<li>Introduction</li>
<li>Workspace</li>
<li>Getting to the Tools</li>
<li>Creating a Document</li>
<li>Managing Pages</li>
<li>Text</li>
<li>Graphics</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Assignment: Due October 1<br />
</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Blogging Assignment <em>"Did You You Know 2.0" </em>Noted Above</li>
<li>Read: “<em><strong><a href="http://wethemedia.oreilly.com/">We the Media</a></strong></em>,” by Dan Gillmor
<ul>
<li>Please read Chapters 4, 5 and 6 through the end of Chapter 6. This is up through page 135 in the printed O’Reilly edition of the Dan Gillmor book. Label this post "We the Media 2"</li>
<li>Do a post on this blog (or put a link on this blog to a post on your own blog) related to that reading indicating what the author said and why you agree or disagree with the author.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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<title><![CDATA[The Long (But Skinny?) Tail]]></title>
<link>http://slowpainting.wordpress.com/?p=781</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 24 Sep 2008 06:47:34 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Deborah Barlow</dc:creator>
<guid>http://slowpainting.bg.wordpress.com/2008/09/24/the-long-but-skinny-tail/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[
One of the featured speakers at Friday’s BISG meeting was Anita Elberse, associate professor at H]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://slowpainting.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/canderson.jpg"><img src="http://slowpainting.wordpress.com/files/2008/09/canderson.jpg?w=215" alt="" title="canderson" width="215" height="300" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-795" /></a></p>
<p>One of the featured speakers at Friday’s BISG meeting was Anita Elberse, associate professor at Harvard Business School, who challenged some conclusions of Chris Anderson’s long tail theory. Elberse said that while the growth of online retailing has resulted in the expansion of products that are available for sale in the long tail, there is little evidence to show that sales of niche products have significantly increased. “The tail is getting longer, but it isn’t getting fatter,” Elberse asserted, referring to Anderson’s contention that with more items in the tail, sales will increase.</p>
<p>Her studies of music and DVD sales found that hits still account for the vast majority of sales and that sales of niche products have fallen in some cases, and there are lots of products that simply do not sell. Contrary to assumptions that consumers who are “light” users of a particular form of media will be attracted by some niche offering, Elberse said these consumers most often buy a popular item. Someone who only reads a few books a year is most likely going to buy a bestseller rather than an obscure author few people have heard of. Lack of consumer awareness about different products is one reason products are in the tail, as is quality. “Some products belong in the tail not the head,” Elberse said.</p>
<p>Her advice for publishers is to not radically alter the resources they devote to developing products for the tail and to continue to concentrate on publishing books aimed at a wide audience. While the Internet has changed how people buy products, it hasn't changed the laws of consumer behavior in which most people want to read or watch what is popular. She acknowledged, however, the retailers, particularly online retailers, need to carry niche products to help separate themselves from their competitors. But she noted that the niche items are likely to be bought by "heavy users" who are looking for new books (or other products) since they have likely bought many of the most popular items.</p>
<p>Jim Milliot<br />
<a href="http://www.publishersweekly.com/article/CA6596067.html?rssid=192">Publisher's Weekly</a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[(How To) Become Chris Anderson]]></title>
<link>http://brettmcateer.wordpress.com/?p=191</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 23 Sep 2008 14:07:50 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>brettmcateer</dc:creator>
<guid>http://brettmcateer.bg.wordpress.com/2008/09/23/how-to-become-chris-anderson/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Not long ago, I had the pleasure of attending a short talk by the well-known business book writer Ch]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Not long ago, I had the pleasure of attending a short talk by the well-known business book writer Chris Anderson.  It was one in a series of talks on thought-provoking ideas, it was staged in a big red satin tent held up on gilded poles and lighted by strips of bulbs that reminded me of the midway at the State Fair.  I felt like I was in a carousel before the horses had been installed.</p>
<p>Mr. Anderson's current idea is 'Free'.  His previous idea was 'The Long Tail'.  It was introduced to me and thousands more through his very strong 2004 article in Wired magazine, where Mr Anderson is also Editor in Chief.  Mr Anderson and Wired supported and still support the Long Tail blog.  The Long Tail appeared in book form in 2006.  The Long Tail has been well received in all of its forms.</p>
<p>Well-received and perhaps useful for hind-sighting but is there anything else I can do with an understanding of The Long Tail?  It is a name for a pre-existing phenomenon lately turbo-charged by the feasibility of selling things online: i.e., an online store has infinite shelf space which makes it viable to stock and sell both the NY Times Book Review Best Sellers in hardcover by the pallet-load <em>and</em> each of a thousand different dog-eared paperbacks of the science fiction cult classics.  (Never mind that you'll need a warehouse the size of Utah.  Amazon is Mr Anderson's most pointed illustration of The Long Tail in action and that is as hard as I will try to explain it.  Please read the article or the book or the Wired blog.)</p>
<p>My idea is that The Long Tail is both as useful and as useless as any other treatise on retail economics.  Using The Long Tail as my example, I am here to shine my Eveready on the uselessness of Economics as a prescriptive.  I can't actually <em>do</em> anything with economic theory.  There is no experiment I can perform that will prove or disprove The Long Tail or any other theory of economics.  What of putting the theories into play?  For every so-called supply-side policy there are uncountable unaccounted-for so-called demand-side factors subverting the purpose.  Nothing is proven one way or the other.</p>
<p>I am tempted to do some extra screeching about economic theorizing, especially supply-side economic theorizing, being no more than an exercise in self-enrichment but trying to explain what I mean can sometimes be like trying to describe the colour orange.  And besides, I do not believe that Mr Anderson is motivated by greed.</p>
<p>The first half of his talk was an abbreviation of The Long Tail.  The second half was a preview of Free.  Free was introduced as a long form article in Wired magazine this year and appears in book form in 2009.  At this point, it sounds like not much more than the observation that people are giving things away to get some attention for the things that they are selling.  True enough, and this is, if not a startling new one, at least an actionable observation in a way that The Long Tail is not, but is it more than that?  Other than giving examples, is there much more to be said?  It feels like a stretch.  There are links to early excerpts from the book at Mr Anderson's blog site.  Whatever else, it is good writing fun reading.</p>
<p>In fairness, these two of Mr Anderson's books are categorized as 'Why' books, as in <em>why</em> this is the way it is and <em>why</em> that is the way it is.  They are not 'How' books.  He knows the categories.  The lesson is that I must learn the categories.  I must understand that 'Why' books will not tell me what to do.</p>
<p>Aside from some new things to think about The Long Tail and, to a lesser extent, Free, I took away from Mr Anderson's talk an impression that he is conflicted.  He tries to hide it.  Maybe he was more tired than usual - a speaker's schedule can be stupid - but I just got this <em>sense</em> from him that he knows something is dreadfully wrong.  (He may have a good idea of what it is, too.)  He works hard to balance his unplanned capacity to generate revenue with his need to understand suffering.  He wants to speak French not to his enterprising advantage but for what it would do to extend his Quixotic reach.  And he is likely accosted at every turn by the unrepentant wolves of commerce: they distract him from his unclear mission but he owes them a debt.  They got him off the bicycle.</p>
<p>Mr Anderson is a smart man.  His paid speaking is pleasantly unaffected.  He crafts a clever argument. He is fun to read.  And he is surely as earnest a man as he can be at this time, but I don't think he really cares about business.  He really writes about the ways we behave and the subtext is <em>how to use business to become yourself</em>.  He's actually trying to do just that.  He will write a good 'How' book.</p>
<p>Later<br />
--B--</p>
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<title><![CDATA[The Long Tail: Where each Product always has its Market]]></title>
<link>http://xlnworld.wordpress.com/?p=121</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 19 Sep 2008 04:06:41 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>xp</dc:creator>
<guid>http://xlnworld.bg.wordpress.com/2008/09/19/the-long-tail-where-each-product-always-has-its-market/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[No Matter How &#8220;Bad&#8221; is your Product, there&#8217;s always a market for it. So, don]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>No Matter How "Bad" is your Product, there's always a market for it. So, don't hesitate to produce more product / service to the market. But, each product shall have it's own "Success Objectives". Is it targeted to win the market share, or just be the second, or perhaps only certain value of your own.</p>
<p>That's way defining objectives should be very clear, deep, and timely. "The Long Tail" taught us about managing business for products that is not targeted for the big segment. Kind of Niche Market, but in massive scale. The Lesson is never under-estimate your long tail product or segment.</p>
<p>If there's conflict between apple and microsoft, then let it be. Every product has their own fanatics. However, criticsm is very important to be followed up and evaluate it with your objectives. Apple and Microsoft is not a good example for managing long tail, since they have big market for each product. My poin here is, why bother with competitors competitive advantage? I mean each product is developed under consideration for their own market. Like or not, there's no more "brand domination" but only "market domination". Since today products are built to meet their target market.</p>
<p>For the Long Tail products, it's kind of a long road to "market domination". However, since it's already meet your objectives then it's done. Someday the battle is not about products, but more about market. How each brand empower the consumer to build fanatic market or community.</p>
<p>Keep producing your creativity to meet your targeted market expectation. Involve them, and stimulate them to be a part of your product development. And your product will never fail in the long run.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Böcker]]></title>
<link>http://dockhus.wordpress.com/?p=121</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 18 Sep 2008 20:31:15 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Helen</dc:creator>
<guid>http://dockhus.bg.wordpress.com/2008/09/18/bocker/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[I nästan ett år har jag gått och sett fram emot årets bok- och biblioteksmässa, och nu är jag ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I nästan ett år har jag gått och sett fram emot årets <a href="http://www.bok-bibliotek.se/" target="_blank">bok- och biblioteksmässa</a>, och nu är jag inte ens säker på om jag kommer att kunna närvara. (Det hela hänger på om mitt operationssår vill läka ihop sig eller ej.) För även om jag kan tänka mig att det blir lite trångt att knö sig fram med barnvagnen mellan montrarna, hade det känts helt underbart att få irra runt en dag eller två bland alla böcker och ständiga möjligheter till nya intellektuella upptäckter. Kanske skulle jag få tid att sluka mina fynd inom en snar framtid, kanske inte. Men det vore ändå en skön känsla att veta att jag är någonting mer än bara mamma; att min värld består av någonting mer än bara blöjor och ersättningspulver (ja, jag har <a href="http://dockhus.wordpress.com/2008/09/13/abscess/" target="_blank">nu gett upp</a> amningen).</p>
<p>Vare sig jag lyckas ta mig till mässan eller inte, känns det som om jag idag lyckats få en liten glimt av min lite större bokvärld iallafall. Mille har startat en <a href="http://bokstavligentalat.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">blogg </a>och på <a href="http://svt.se/svt/jsp/Crosslink.jsp?d=14604&#38;from=program_ao" target="_blank">Kulturnyheterna </a>pratar de om ett ämne som intresserar mig massor - bokmarknadens "nya" struktur. Vi får veta att en fjärdedel av bokmarknaden finns på nätet, men också att mer än två tredjedelar av det som en av de stora näthandlarna säljer inte går att finna i den vanliga handeln. Det är verkligen lustigt, tycker jag. Och skönt att höra (även om det rent teoretiskt inte är någonting nytt, vilket vi kan läsa i den bok som också Kulturnyheterna hänvisar till - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Long_Tail" target="_blank">The Long Tail</a>). De vanliga handlarna har länge gnällt på att näthandlarna konkurrerar ut dem, och försöker sedan lösa detta genom att likrikta sig alltmer, med allt färre och mer allmänna titlar i hyllorna - detta medan konsumenterna ger sig ut och letar efter det som är mer anpassat efter dessa som individer.</p>
<p>Nåväl, en bisats. Ämnet intresserar mig som sagt. Imorgon fortsätter Kulturnyheterna på samma tema, men uppmärksammar istället hur de nya strukturerna påverkar utgivningen. Varar 10 minuter efter klockan 19 på SVT1. Gör hela min dag.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[The Long Tail]]></title>
<link>http://annicktielbeke.wordpress.com/?p=10</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 11 Sep 2008 09:56:34 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>annicktielbeke</dc:creator>
<guid>http://annicktielbeke.bg.wordpress.com/2008/09/11/the-long-tail/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[
My first blog is about the Long Tail. Chris Anderson introduced the phrase The Long Tail, in an art]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><font face="Trebuchet MS"><font face="Trebuchet MS"></p>
<div><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;">My first blog is about the Long Tail. Chris Anderson introduced the phrase The Long Tail, in an article in Wired Magazine in October 2004. It describes the niche strategy of businesses, such as Amazon.com or Netflix, that sell a large number of unique items in relatively small quantities. </span></span></span></div>
<p></font></font></span><font face="Trebuchet MS"></font></span></p>
<div><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"> </span></div>
<p> </p>
<p></span></div>
<div><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><a href="http://annicktielbeke.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/long-tail-graph.gif"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-11" title="long-tail-graph" src="http://annicktielbeke.wordpress.com/files/2008/09/long-tail-graph.gif?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="217" /></a></span></div>
<div><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;">This image shows the Long Tail. The red part, or the popular products, represents the shop's stock. However, some articles are not that popular. People often don't know these products exist and if they know they exist they don't know where to find them. The shops don't have space for these products and it is too expensive for shops to continue selling these products. Therefore, the shops decide not to sell it anymore. This doesn't mean people don't want to buy these products anymore. That's why shops like bol.com and amazon.com started selling their products online. The distribution and inventory costs of these businesses allow them to realize significant profit out of selling small volumes of hard-to-find items to many customers, instead of only selling large volumes of a reduced number of popular items.<br />
</span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><font face="Trebuchet MS"><font face="Trebuchet MS"><font face="Trebuchet MS"><font face="Trebuchet MS"><font face="Trebuchet MS"></p>
<div><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;">The Long Tail doesn't only work for products. Another good example is <strong>keywords</strong>. Keywords can be split into two main groups: <strong>short tail keywords</strong> and <strong>long tail keywords. </strong>A long tail keyword is something like ‘Small Business Web Design’. A short tail keyword is something like ‘Web Design’. When you compare the two keywords, ‘Web Design’ has about 30 times as many competitors as ‘Small Business Web Design’ but ‘Web Design’ also gets far more searches each month. A small number of broad terms such as ‘Web Design’ and ‘Marketing’ account for a large proportion of searches but an equally large proportion of the searches are made up of many more specific search queries such as ‘Small Business Web Design’. This search distribution can be understood through the following graph.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
<p></font></font></font></font></font></span><font face="Trebuchet MS"><font face="Trebuchet MS"><font face="Trebuchet MS"><font face="Trebuchet MS"></font></font></font></font></span><font face="Trebuchet MS"><font face="Trebuchet MS"><font face="Trebuchet MS"></font></font></font></span><font face="Trebuchet MS"><font face="Trebuchet MS"></font></font></span><font face="Trebuchet MS"></font></span></p>
<div><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"> </span></span></span></span></div>
</div>
<p><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"> </p>
<p></span></span></span></span></p>
<div><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><a href="http://annicktielbeke.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/longtail1.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-31" title="longtail1" src="http://annicktielbeke.wordpress.com/files/2008/09/longtail1.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="303" /></a></span></span></span></span></div>
<div><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"></p>
<div><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;">People want to target millions of keywords which bring only small traffic, because there is not as much competition, so you can rank on the first page of Google for long tail keywords easier than ranking for short keywords. They don’t bring a lot of traffic separately but if you target many long tail keywords, you can get lots of easy traffic.</span></div>
<p> </p>
<p></span><font face="Trebuchet MS"></p>
<div><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;">Long tail keywords could be very useful for you. If you have a website selling for example Versace dresses but you can’t pull any search engine traffic, rather than targeting the keyword ‘Versace’ of ‘Versace Dress’ try targeting more specific keywords, like ’green Versace Dress’. You will probably see an increase in conversions and sales.</span></div>
<p></font></span></div>
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<title><![CDATA[Copyrights are Boring and Copying is Fun]]></title>
<link>http://gtothesquare.wordpress.com/2008/09/10/copyrights-are-boring-and-copying-is-fun/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 21:51:15 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>g square</dc:creator>
<guid>http://gtothesquare.wordpress.com/2008/09/10/copyrights-are-boring-and-copying-is-fun/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Reading &#8220;The Longtail Blog&#8221;, I found myself reading about copyright and free business mo]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Reading "The Longtail Blog", I found myself reading about copyright and free business models. Anderson (the blogs author) makes reference <a href="http://people.ischool.berkeley.edu/~hal/Papers/2004/copying-and-copyright.pdf">to a paper</a> where the author suggests 14 business models for a world without effective copyright. I didn't finish reading the paper, simply because copyright its just plain boring or being law related makes it unreadable. Maybe is my perception that copyrights, are old fashion, that we get a feeling that is boring. In contrast I find copying fun, even when you might be doing it every day or not seen as a big deal. There is just something fun about doing stuff that are suppose to be "illegal".</p>
<p>Is being "illegal" the reason its fun? Well for the daredevils out there it might, but at the end of the day copying is fun because <strong>we share</strong>. Humans beings are social beings and share is a act of being social. Sharing creates some type of conversation where we comunicate our ideas, feelings, frustrations and dreams, and that "ladies and gentlemen" (also a song by <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xvshX3vAz0">Saliva</a>) is being human and ... fun. Ponder on the following: do think people spend hours sending emails, SMSs, messages, poking, chatting and in social media just because they don't have nothing better to do? Neither they do it because its their job (maybe a habit), but since its part of being human and humans are social and being social is fun. You share it with a friend, in a torrent or a neighbor and a bet some sort of conversation is born, either because you comment on the media being shared or because serves as small talk for bigger things. And the beauty of it that we do it so effortless and natural,  even if they is wrong, it just feels good. So go ahead and have fun and continue being human....copy</p>
<p>By the way, I almost forgot to tell you, there was something interesting from the copyright paper: a graph that illustrates a relationship between the Per-capita income vs. fraction of software pirated, where lower per capita GDP countries trend to have high levels of piracy.</p>
<p><a href="http://gtothesquare.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/image.png"><img style="border-right:0;border-top:0;border-left:0;border-bottom:0;" src="http://gtothesquare.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/image-thumb.png" border="0" alt="image" width="519" height="401" /></a></p>
<p>[source: <a href="http://people.ischool.berkeley.edu/~hal/Papers/2004/copying-and-copyright.pdf">"Copying and Copyright"</a>]</p>
<p>For more on piracy stats check this <a href="http://global.bsa.org/idcglobalstudy2007/studies/2007_global_piracy_study.pdf">report</a> by the Business Software Alliance ( check your countries stat ;) ).</p>
<p>Since I'm already in kind of a side note, I will like just to say that although piracy, based on the old standards is "stealing", I'm not against it and I encourage it. The report from the BSA likes to show how much billions are lost every year, because people use "pirated software" instead of buying it. That is just a stupid number. I don't have no all the facts, just my common sense and it tells me that most of the people that use pirate software does it because they can't afford it. And if a person can't afford a software, how is that a "sure sale" that transforms into a loss when the person uses private software. However the report doesn't show how many lives were change because they had access to doing something productive with there computer. Also how are they sure that this people will buy that software? How is that a loss? Of coarse its easy to say this when is not your "intellectual property" that is being copy, but at the end that is a good thing. Its means that if the yare coping it you are doing something right.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[The schizophrenic blogger]]></title>
<link>http://andreaskluth.wordpress.com/?p=322</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 08 Sep 2008 22:07:45 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>andreaskluth</dc:creator>
<guid>http://andreaskluth.org/2008/09/08/the-schizophrenic-blogger/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[That&#8217;s me, at least for the time being. Which is to say, I&#8217;m in two minds about blogging]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>That's me, at least for the time being. Which is to say, I'm in two minds about blogging about <a href="/about-the-book/" target="_blank">my book</a>, depending on whom I've asked for advice last.</p>
<h3>The "pros":</h3>
<p>On one side, there is an army of tech-savvy, media-savvy, modern, sophisticated, worldly people who say to me: Blog! Bloooog! For book authors, obscurity is the enemy, not piracy, theft or plagiarism. So blog, build a community, learn from that community, and then let the community help you when the time comes to launch.</p>
<p>One person whose example sticks out in my mind, <a href="/2008/07/27/the-end-of-book-publishing-part-ii/" target="_blank">as I've mentioned before</a>, is Chris Anderson. <a href="http://www.longtail.com/the_long_tail/"><img class="alignright" src="http://www.longtail.com/LONGTAIL.jpg" alt="" width="121" height="187" /></a>His first book, The Long Tail, began as <a href="http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/12.10/tail.html" target="_blank">an article in Wired</a> (of which Chris is the editor), then became a book-deal, then <a href="http://www.longtail.com/the_long_tail/2008/01/why-give-away-y.html" target="_blank">a blog</a>, and then, well, <a href="http://www.longtail.com/about.html" target="_blank">the book</a>.</p>
<p>I ran into Chris the other day and asked him if he had any regrets at all, and Chris said Nope, blogging about the book has been entirely for the better. He's actually learned a lot from his blog's audience ("crowdsourcing" is the fancy new term for that), and it built buzz for the book's launch.</p>
<p>Intellectually, Chris has also <a href="http://www.longtail.com/the_long_tail/2008/01/why-give-away-y.html" target="_blank">thought about giving entire books away</a>, free, on blogs or otherwise, and this is becoming something of a micro-trend.</p>
<p>The book, it should be said, did rather well. On the other hand, I should also say that I personally, having read the original article and the blog (and finding Chris's idea profound and spot-on), did feel that I didn't need to read the book when it came out. I was comfortable that I already knew the ideas behind it very well.</p>
<p>Chris has a lot of support. Tim Sullivan, who is not <em>my</em> editor but <em>an</em> editor of books, at <a href="http://www.perseusbooksgroup.com/basic/home.jsp" target="_blank">Basic Books</a> as of this week, told me that:</p>
<blockquote><p>I’m all for divulging in blog-length entries. You can really work through some issues, and I think that it encourages sales rather than depressing them (in most cases). I also think you end up with a better book, in the end, if you can generate involvement from a group of interested outsiders</p></blockquote>
<p><a href="http://www.forrester.com/Groundswell/book.html"><img class="alignleft" src="http://www.forrester.com/Groundswell/images/cover.jpg" alt="" width="147" height="172" /></a><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0307396207?ie=UTF8&#38;tag=randohouseinc-20&#38;linkCode=as2&#38;camp=1789&#38;creative=9325&#38;creativeASIN=0307396207"><img class="alignright" src="http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/411Tn0bsk%2BL._SL500_AA240_.jpg" alt="" width="174" height="174" /></a>Charlene Li and Josh Bernoff (left) wrote their new book, <a href="http://www.forrester.com/Groundswell/book.html" target="_blank">Groundswell</a>, using the blog to test and refine ideas and <a href="http://blogs.forrester.com/groundswell/2007/06/10-ways-the-web.html" target="_blank">seem to have loved the process</a>.</p>
<p>Jeff Howe (right) has been <a href="http://crowdsourcing.typepad.com/" target="_blank">blogging</a> his book <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0307396207?ie=UTF8&#38;tag=randohouseinc-20&#38;linkCode=as2&#38;camp=1789&#38;creative=9325&#38;creativeASIN=0307396207" target="_blank">Crowdsourcing</a>, and using the blog in part, well, to crowdsource. (Meaning: to make "open calls" on the anonymous audience to contribute knowledge, in the hope that the best-qualified people may be hiding in the crowd.)</p>
<h3>The "cons":</h3>
<p>My mom is a con. Now, it's no fair poking fun at moms--they are the people whose intentions toward us are purest. So I won't. I take her concerns seriously. And she has support: Virtually all of the, ahem, "older" people I know react with dread: Are you crazy? Somebody will steal your best ideas! You undermine the element of surprise! Don't do it! If you must blog, don't give anything <em>good</em> away.</p>
<p>Then, there is...</p>
<h3>Everybody else:</h3>
<p>That category, obviously, includes a lot of people. I'm in it myself. Among my colleagues at <a href="http://www.economist.com/" target="_blank"><em>The Economist</em></a>, for instance, there is <a href="http://tomstandage.com/index.html" target="_blank">Tom Standage</a>,<img class="alignright" src="http://tomstandage.com/6Gcov.jpg" alt="" width="130" height="191" /> author of several books, the latest of which is <a href="http://tomstandage.com/6G.html" target="_blank">A History of the World in Six Glasses</a> (right). He is one of the most tech-savvy and media-savvy people in the world, and yet he resides slightly toward my mom's end of the spectrum. He puts up a "teaser" about his book and some updates about the process--launch, book tour and such--but otherwise leaves it to the book itself to make the splash. I take his advice very seriously, especially since his genre of book and style of writing is much closer to mine than the tech-centered books above.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.amazon.com/New-Cold-War-Future-Russia/dp/0230606121/ref=pd_bbs_sr_3?ie=UTF8&#38;s=books&#38;qid=1197976742&#38;sr=8-3"><img class="alignleft" src="http://www.bloomsbury.com/media/newcoldwarusjacket.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="200" /></a>There is also Edward Lucas, who had <a href="http://edwardlucas.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">a blog</a> for many years before he sold his idea for a book on Russia, the <a href="http://www.amazon.com/New-Cold-War-Future-Russia/dp/0230606121/ref=pd_bbs_sr_3?ie=UTF8&#38;s=books&#38;qid=1197976742&#38;sr=8-3" target="_blank">New Cold War</a> (left).</p>
<p>Ed says that yes, he did crowdsource. Exactly once, in fact. He had to fact-check a detail during pre-launch production, and put it out there. Within an hour, several people got back to him with the answer.</p>
<p>But beyond that, he says he did not give away much from the book on the blog, which he uses mainly as a personalized and running anthology of The Economist's Russia coverage. When he tried to have discussion boards on individual chapters, the results were disappointing--"mostly Russians posting obscenities." He thought about putting the introduction online, and maybe a few chapters, but then decided against it. "The book must promise that it gives you something you can get nowhere else," he said to me.</p>
<p>And on and on. Everybody has a different view. Basically, nobody knows.</p>
<p>And that leaves me... schizophrenic. Which is not a good thing for a blogger. It's like blogging with one arm tied behind your back--possible, but tedious.</p>
<p>Within the coming weeks, I will sort out my thoughts on this and decide one way or the other. You'll know when that happens, because the blog will show it.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[The Long Tail en de muziekliefhebber]]></title>
<link>http://epubtrends.wordpress.com/?p=43</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 08 Sep 2008 16:35:14 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>epubtrends</dc:creator>
<guid>http://epubtrends.bg.wordpress.com/2008/09/08/the-long-tail-en-de-muziekliefhebber/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Toen je vroeger door weer en wind naar de cd-winkel fietste voor het foldertje met de nieuwste Top 4]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Toen je vroeger door weer en wind naar de cd-winkel fietste voor het foldertje met de nieuwste Top 40, had je toen enig idee hoeveel daar <strong>niet</strong> in stond? Had je er enig idee van hoeveel muziek je <strong>niet</strong> hoorde op Radio 538? Kun je wel weten wat je eigen smaak is als anderen je vertellen wat er goed is en waar je naar dient te luisteren?</p>
<p>De muziekconsument anno 1995 haalde zijn cd’s bij de V&#38;D, Free Record Shop of Music Store. U2 was daar wel te krijgen, Guns ’N Roses ook wel. Maar wie de cd zocht van die nieuwe band die in de OOR-recensie zo de hemel in geprezen werd, moest goed zoeken. Zou het al verkrijgbaar zijn in Nederland? Staat het bij pop of rock? De medewerker had er nog nooit van gehoord. Kon hij het bestellen? Hij ging zijn best doen. Of je kon het proberen bij de speciaalzaak, maar die zat in Amsterdam.</p>
<p>Vandaag is alles binnen handbereik. Het oordeel van OOR wordt bijgestaan door talloze andere recensies van hetzelfde album en websites als <a href="http://www.metacritic.com/">Metacritic </a>verzamelen die tot één breed gedragen oordeel. Waar OOR drie pagina’s besteedde aan de nieuwe releases, biedt internet virtuele bibliotheken vol, zelfs van muziek van decennia geleden. Wat vond <a href="http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/article/record_review/21850-snow-patrol-songs-for-polarbears">Pitchfork</a> ook alweer van het debuutalbum van Snow Patrol uit 1999?</p>
<p>Via <a href="http://www.amazon.com/">Amazon</a> en <a href="http://www.amazon.com/">Bol.com</a> zijn de cd’s van de meest uiteenlopende artiesten te bestellen en hoewel dit al een uitkomst is voor de muziekliefhebber zoals die in 1995 door te winkel liep te zoeken, heeft internet inmiddels allang weer een paar stappen verder gezet. Webwinkels als iTunes bieden de muziek digitaal aan, zodat zelfs niet gewacht hoeft te worden totdat het op de mat ligt. Wie iets wil hebben, kan er twee minuten later naar luisteren.</p>
<p>Ook gaat de consument niet meer enkel af op het oordeel van recenscenten of de aanraders van vrienden, kennissen en radio-DJ’s. <a href="http://www.pandora.com/">Pandora</a> biedt een service waarbij, op basis van een geliefde artiest, een radiostation wordt samengesteld die soortgelijke muziek draait. Ondanks dat het concept te kampen kreeg met muziekrechten en momenteel alleen nog in de Verenigde Staten beschikbaar is, heeft het de online muziekindustrie een flinke zet richting de web 2.0-idealen gegeven. Een rol die inmiddels glansrijk is overgenomen door <a href="http://www.last.fm/">Last.fm</a>, de zelfverklaarde ‘sociale revolutie in muziek’. Via een persoonlijk profiel wordt bijgehouden naar welke muziek een gebuiker luistert en met die statistieken kan bepaald worden welke muziek ook interessant kan zijn en welke andere gebruikers dezelfde smaak hebben. Zo passeren vele potentieel interessante, maar tot voor kort onbekende acts de revue en wordt je muzieksmaak met de dag uitgebreider of juist verfijnder. Iets moois wat je net gehoord hebt, deel je met je Last.fm-vrienden.</p>
<p>Pandora, Last.fm en ook <a href="http://hypem.com/">Hypem</a> (dat aan de hand van waar muziekweblogs over schrijven een beeld schetst van welke nieuwe, opkomende muziek ‘gehyped’ wordt) stellen de moderne internetgebruiker dus in staat om veel nieuwe muziek te ontdekken die in de oude situatie zou verdwijnen in de ‘staart’. Daar houdt het niet mee op, omdat de Long Tail-theorie niet alleen voor de muziek zelf geldt, maar ook voor de muziekkennis en –informatie. Zijn er albums van Radiohead die ik nog niet heb? <a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&#38;searchlink=RADIOHEAD&#38;sql=11:fxfoxql5ld6e~T2">Allmusic.com</a> zet de discografie op een rijtje. Hoe heette dat nummer in de laatste aflevering van Six Feet Under? <a href="http://www.tv.com/six-feet-under/everyones-waiting/episode/450276/summary.html?tag=ep_list;ep_title;0">TV.com</a> vertelt het je. En de iPhone-applicatie van <a href="http://www.shazam.com/music/portal">Shazam</a> luistert tien seconden naar een stukje muziek (van tv, radio of in een discotheek) en noemt je dan de uitvoerend artiest en titel. Meteen aanschaffen kan via iTunes.</p>
<p>En zo is de internetrevolutie op muziekgebied niet alleen een prachtige ontwikkeling voor de liefhebber. Ook de artiest, die anders zo moeilijk voet aan de grond krijgt in de overvolle markt, bereikt zijn publiek via alle moderne kanalen. MySpace, Hypem, Last.fm, YouTube, SellaBand of een van de miljoenen muziekweblogs kan de deur openen naar zijn publiek, dat er tenslotte zelf voor kiest om zijn nummers te luisteren of zijn videoclip te bekijken.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Googlazon, What Should I Watch Tonight?]]></title>
<link>http://barmarbybroox.wordpress.com/?p=473</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 08 Sep 2008 11:07:02 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Stephen Brooks</dc:creator>
<guid>http://barmarbybroox.bg.wordpress.com/2008/09/08/googlazon-what-should-i-watch-tonight-2/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[I have 998 channels of cable TV coming into my house.  Once you take out the music-only, pay-per-vi]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I have 998 channels of cable TV coming into my house.  Once you take out the music-only, pay-per-view, and other specialty channels, there are perhaps 200 or so that have content I might watch.  This is a <em>barely</em>  manageable number - by using my Y-chromosome super-surfing skills, I can be fairly confident I have a good handle on everything that's on, and that I am watching the show that maximizes my viewing pleasure.  (Or be confident that there's nothing on that I want to watch, and that I should go read a book or take a walk or something.)</p>
<p>Of course, this system isn't perfect.  I have never seen the majority of TV shows out there.  Usually this is OK - I have a pretty good idea what kind of programs <em>Two and a Half Men </em> and <em>Flip This House</em>  are, even without ever seeing them, and I'm confident that I can skip them without missing much (that I would enjoy, anyway).  But I've also never seen <em>The Sopranos</em>, <em>Six Feet Under,</em> or <em>My Name is Earl</em>.  For all I know, one of those shows could be PERFECT for my tastes, and replace <em>House</em>  as my favourite show.  But I soldier on with a kind of blind faith that I am getting the most out of my Toshiba regardless.</p>
<p>But what about when the <a title="Stephen Brooks on Long Tail" href="http://barmarbybroox.wordpress.com/2008/06/10/the-long-tail/">Long Tail</a> effect starts to permeate broadcast media and there are 1,000 channels?  Or a million?  How will I know that I am watching the programming that is most suited to me?  This is where the Google cloud-mind and the Amazon taste-trackers will really add value.  I predict that in less than 10 years, Google will know everything I ever watch and doubtless will be able to tell how much I am enjoying it by measuring the dilation of my pupils and monitoring my pulse.  When Google detects that I really like a particular show, it will ask Amazon to mine its recommendation engine for other shows that millions of people who saw the one I'm watching also liked.  By fine-tuning its selections over time according to my relative satisfaction, Googlazon will eventually arrive at the ideal mix of programming for my individual requirements.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[the long tail]]></title>
<link>http://rickardpeterson.wordpress.com/?p=52</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 03 Sep 2008 19:15:18 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>rickardpeterson</dc:creator>
<guid>http://rickardpeterson.bg.wordpress.com/2008/09/03/the-long-tail/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[earlier this evening i received my copy of The Long Tail by Chris Anderson in my mail box, and after]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>earlier this evening i received my copy of <a title="Amazon.com - The long tail by Chris Andersson" href="http://www.amazon.com/Long-Tail-Revised-Updated-Business/dp/1401309666/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1?ie=UTF8&#38;s=books&#38;qid=1220459151&#38;sr=8-1" target="_blank">The Long Tail</a> by <a title="Wikipedia - Chris Anderson" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Anderson_(writer)" target="_blank">Chris Anderson</a> in my mail box, and after having read only the introduction chapter, i felt i had to write a couple of sentences about it. i guess i seem a bit late in not having read it yet, but for some reason i just did not do it - but now is the time!<a title="Blog - Mediameme" href="http://mediameme.wordpress.com/2008/05/06/who-are-the-long-tail/" target="_blank"><img class="alignright size-full wp-image-53" src="http://rickardpeterson.wordpress.com/files/2008/09/dinosaur-long-tail.jpg" alt="" width="256" height="192" /></a></p>
<p>i really hope and believe i will get plenty of inspiration from the book and - as a matter of fact - i seriously got keen on doing research on the topic. i do recognize myself, at least to some extent, in Anderson's description of a 16 year old kid from California spending less time watching TV and instead discovering alternative niches of online media such as music, TV-shows and writings. one thing is for sure - the transformation has started - and i guess no one would even dare to guess where the multicultural, connected and diversifying environment will end up one day...</p>
<p>if you do not, for what reason that might be, feel like reading the entire book - please read the introduction at least. it will give you a hint on what has been going on, and still is, in the world we live in. i will definitely write more posts on this book as a read along and hopefully get some of your thoughts as well.</p>
<p><em>the long tail is always on my mind - right now</em></p>
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<title><![CDATA[The long tail, du plomb dans l'aile ]]></title>
<link>http://julielemonde.wordpress.com/?p=95</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 27 Aug 2008 02:59:47 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Julie Lemonde</dc:creator>
<guid>http://julielemonde.com/2008/08/26/the-long-tail/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Je vous le dis, plus je lis des études sur le concept The long tail, publicisé par Chris Anderson,]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Je vous le dis, plus je lis des études sur le concept The long tail, publicisé par Chris Anderson, éditeur en chef du magazine Wired, plus je me rends compte que les chercheurs s'en donne à cœur joie pour évaluer sa validité.</p>
<p><!--more--></p>
<p>L'étude dont je vais vous parler ne provient pas d'un chercheur d'une université obscure, on parle ici d'Anita Elberse d'Harvard, ce qui signifie possiblement que des gestionnaires se sont questionnés à savoir si l'application de cette stratégie valait réellement la peine.</p>
<p>Bon, avant d'aborder les résultats de l'étude, rappelons que l'industrie des médias et du divertissement base fréquemment la mise en marché de leurs produits sur des "blockbusters". En effet, comme les canaux de distribution traditionnels limitent l'espace physique en magasin ou en salle, ces compagnies misent sur la mise en marché de quelques "best sellers" en espérant que 1 ou 2 succès maximisent leurs profits.</p>
<p>Ce que The Long Tail évoque est le fait que cette limite de capacité physique n'existe plus dans le monde numérique et que cette opportunité permet d'offrir autant d'options que l'on désire au consommateur sans que cela coûte quoi que ce soit. Chris Anderson mentionne donc que plus de produits nichés existent, plus cela rencontre les besoins des consommateurs et de cette manière, on augmente nos profits grâce à la "longue traîne" plus que si l'on adopte la logique du "blockbuster".</p>
<p>Ainsi, Anita Elberse s'est penchée sur cette stratégie de la "longue traîne" pour valider si ce que Chris Anderson avance se concrétise en réalité. Elle a donc analysé les données de l'industrie de la musique et du vidéo en ligne, car il s'agit de deux marchés qui sont fréquemment cités par Chris Anderson. Les compagnies qu'elle a étudiées sont Nielsen SoundScan, Nielsen VideoScan, Rhapsody et QuickFlix.</p>
<p>Les résultats sont surprenants et nous font aussi fortement réfléchir sur la validité de la "longue traîne". En effet, celle-ci a découvert que les "blockbusters" connaissent encore plus de succès que ce qu'ils connaissaient auparavant sur les marchés traditionnels et qu'en plus, les consommateurs ne consomment pas autant de produits de niche que ce que Chris Anderson supposait. Si on lit entre les lignes, on ne fait pas plus d'argent en adoptant la stratégie de la "longue traîne" que celle du "best seller".</p>
<p>Enfin, quand on y pense bien, Chris Anderson a lui-même utilisé la stratégie du "best seller" pour promouvoir la stratégie de la "longue traîne"...</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Pacific Northwest Chapter of the American Society of Indexers 2008 Fall Meeting]]></title>
<link>http://informationhound.wordpress.com/?p=24</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 25 Aug 2008 18:08:15 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Veronica Hughes</dc:creator>
<guid>http://informationhound.bg.wordpress.com/2008/08/25/pacific-northwest-chapter-of-the-american-society-of-indexers-2008-fall-meeting/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[On Saturday, August 23, 2008, the Pacific Northwest Chapter of the American Society of Indexers (ASI]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal">On Saturday, August 23, 2008, the <a href="http://www.pnwasi.org/" target="_blank">Pacific Northwest Chapter</a> of the <a href="http://www.asindexing.org/site/index.html" target="_blank">American Society of Indexers</a> (ASI) had their 2008 Fall Meeting. Here are some brief notes from the meeting.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:medium;"><strong>Trends in Indexing: the Long Tail or the End of the Tale?</strong></span><br />
In her presentation, Jan discussed some opportunities available to indexers as a result of changing digital technologies.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Some points to highlight:</p>
<ul>
<li>Changing digital technologies provide opportunities for indexers to take advantage of their skills and for specialization.</li>
<li>The sales of E-books are increasing and require activated indexes.</li>
<li>Social tagging requires controlled vocabularies for findability.</li>
<li>“Precision recall doesn’t go away just because you have a search button.”</li>
<li>Create “intelligent partnerships” for success.</li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:medium;"><strong>How are Portable Document Files (PDFs) used in Indexing?</strong></span><br />
The presenters included Ed Rush, Carolyn Weaver, Jan Wright, &#38; Enid Zafran and the discussion was moderated by Cheryl Landes. The indexers discussed how they use PDFs to work productively.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Here are a couple of <a href="http://www.adobe.com/" target="_self">Acrobat</a>’s lesser known capabilities worth exploring. Of course, the <span> </span>ability to perform some functions is dependent on the software version in use.</p>
<ol>
<li>Acrobat has a compare documents feature that allows the comparison of an older document against a newer document.</li>
<li>Find and search are different.</li>
</ol>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:medium;"><strong>The Legal Indexing Workshop</strong></span><em><br />
</em>Enid Zafran discussed the differences between legal indexes and other indexes and had attendees work through hands on exercises, involving “treatment of cases,” rules for sorting, and cross-references.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">It quickly became apparent that legal indexing can be tedious and knowledge of the <a href="http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/legalotln/" target="_self">US legal system</a> is essential.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Enid recommended two reference resources:</p>
<ol>
<li><em><a href="http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_ss_b?url=search-alias%3Dstripbooks&#38;field-keywords=blacks+law+dictionary&#38;x=0&#38;y=0" target="_blank">Black’s Law Dictionary</a></em>, by Bryan A. Garner</li>
<li><em><a href="http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_ss_b?url=search-alias%3Dstripbooks&#38;field-keywords=Uniform+System+of+Citations&#38;x=0&#38;y=0" target="_blank">The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation</a></em>, by Harvard Law Review</li>
</ol>
<p>Enid also recommended online reference resources that can be found as part of a law school site. One resource I’ve found highly educational and useful is the <a href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/" target="_blank">Legal Information Institute at Cornell Law  School</a>.</p>
<p>For an introduction to law, <em><a href="http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_ss_b?url=search-alias%3Dstripbooks&#38;field-keywords=nutshell+on+legal+research&#38;x=10&#38;y=24" target="_blank">Legal Research in a Nutshell</a></em> (<a href="http://oreilly.com/store/series/nutshells.html" target="_blank">O'Reilly Media Nutshell series</a>), <span class="ptBrand">by Morris L. Cohen and Kent C. Olson</span> was recommended.</p>
<p>I've only posted a tiny bit about my take away from the meeting. It would be interesting to hear what others think about these topics. I'm looking forward to hearing what you have to say.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Derek Webb Blog: The Long Tail of Noisetrade]]></title>
<link>http://beyondjems.wordpress.com/?p=269</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 08 Aug 2008 08:14:00 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>beyondJEMS</dc:creator>
<guid>http://beyondjems.bg.wordpress.com/2008/08/08/derek-webb-blog-the-long-tail-of-noisetrade/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[
There has been a lot of talk about how the music industry is changing. Indie solo artists , labele]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img class="alignleft" src="http://www.stereosubversion.com/wp-content/plugins/fresh-page/phpThumb.php?src=http://www.stereosubversion.com/wp-content/plugins/fresh-page/files/1217401312SSV-Int-top-Derek-Webb.jpg" alt="" width="532" height="220" /></p>
<p>There has been a lot of talk about how the music industry is changing. <a href="http://rorypartin.com" target="_blank">Indie solo artists </a>, <a href="http://www.downhere.com/" target="_blank">labeled bands </a>&#38; <a href="http://coldplay.com" target="_blank">mega bands</a> are giving away music. <a href="http://www.spencesmith.com/spence/2008/07/free-music-down.html" target="_blank">Bloggers</a>are blogging about it. Living in Nashvegas, it's kind of hard not to be touched by the music industry or at least learn be intrigued by it. </p>
<p>What I found intriguing tonight was an interview with Derek Webb on Stereo Subversion. Here's a man who gets it.  What's 'it'? The marketing, the connection, the long tail. Here's what Derek had to say...</p>
<blockquote><p>There are two other factors which make Noisetrade different - the main one for me being the aggregate aspect, what some might call the ‘<a href="http://www.squidoo.com/longtail" target="_blank">Long Tail’ </a>aspect. You get all these artists giving away music and put them in one place, especially blue collar artists, like I said who make their living between the head and the tail of the sales curve, and little by little, you get 50 niche artists, none of whom have more than several thousand fans but suddenly there are a lot of fans in one place. They start finding other artists and it really does start to make up for the time difference. Two years ago, it was very progressive and radical to give away a record for free. It’s interesting how quickly perception changes. People don’t remember that it was unheard of even a few years ago. But now, and rightfully so, it’s par for the course.  Check out the full article <a title="Derek Web Interview" href="http://www.stereosubversion.com/interviews-features/08-04-2008/derek-webb/" target="_blank">here</a>.</p></blockquote>
<p>I found this article on the new blog at <a href="http://noisetrade.com/blog/" target="_blank">Noisetrade</a>. The only part of it i didn't get was his 3 sentences on his first post. Here's what he had to say...</p>
<blockquote><p>WELCOME NOISETRADERS - i can’t imagine that i’m writing this blog, for a few reasons.  first of all, i don’t blog.  almost as a rule.   </p></blockquote>
<p>This "I don't blog. almost as a rule." statement just throws me. It seems a bit of a contradiction in terms. So I think he's only getting part of it. The part that many artists are reluctant to dive into and that's connecting with their fans directly at that personal level ~ the blog. What Derek writes in the balance of that post is great...</p>
<blockquote><p>for those who have walked with us through the dreaming and development of the site you realize what we’ve gone through to get here.  this idea died and came back to life a dozen times.  but we persisted and fought for what we believed to be something truly beneficial and effective towards connecting artists to music fans.</p></blockquote>
<p>So, he's almost there because 'connecting artists to music fans' is what blogging is all about. Now I've poured my heart out here at times and posting your deepest fears for the world to read is not for everyone. But that's not what artists do on their blogs in general. I'm not an artist so I wouldnt know, but maybe it's easier to hide behind the curtain in the land of Oz, than to put yourself out there. But then I look at what <a title="Skor, Inc" href="http://skorinc.com/" target="_blank">Skor, Inc </a>is doing with <a title="Mercy Me" href="http://mercyme.org/blog/" target="_blank">Mercy Me </a>and <a title="Natalie Grant Blog" href="http://www.nataliegrant.com/blog/" target="_blank">Natalie Grant </a>and I'm thinking it totally ROCKS! Both of their blogs are real and fun and a great connecting point with the fans. So why doesn't Derek Webb blog about his life, his music? Dont get me wrong, I think it's amazing what he's done and that he is blogging on Noisetrade. But what the fans want to see is Derek Webb's blog about Derek Webb. </p>
<p>So I've bounced around in this post quite a bit. But overall, I think it's an amazing journey Derek's been on to make this happen. I always find it exciting to run across someone who is wanting to take things to a new level. Like Brody &#38; <a title="Randy Hicks" href="http://visualcoma.com" target="_blank">Randy</a>with Skor Inc. People who want to make a difference in their industry, their church, the lives of others in a way that is unique and creative. For me that's inspiring and challenging. It challenges me to think of my life and the choices I'm making. How can I reach the next level? What difference am I making in this world?</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Wait, You're Telling Me the Long Tail Is Flat? ]]></title>
<link>http://evolvingmusic.wordpress.com/?p=207</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 05 Aug 2008 22:36:48 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Gavroche</dc:creator>
<guid>http://evolvingmusic.bg.wordpress.com/2008/08/05/long-tail-is-flat/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[
Have you heard the news? Apparently the long tail is flat. For those of you unfamiliar with the lo]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><sup class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_long_tail#cite_note-2" class="xLink"></a></sup></p>
<p>Have you heard the news? Apparently the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_long_tail" target="_blank" class="xLink">long tail</a> is <a href="http://www.techcrunch.com/2008/07/02/poking-holes-in-the-long-tail-theory/" target="_blank" class="xLink">flat</a>. For those of you unfamiliar with the long tail, it's a theory coined by Chris Anderson <em>(<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Long-Tail-Future-Business-Selling/dp/1401302378" target="_blank" class="xLink">The Long Tail: Why the Future of Business is Selling Less of More</a></em>) that describes the niche strategy of businesses that sell a large number of unique items in relatively small quantities. Because of the low overhead incurred through the selling of digital products, the long tail was supposed to help retailers of less popular items earn significant profit by selling small volumes of hard-to-find items to many customers (instead of only selling large volumes of a reduced number of popular items).</p>
<p>For musicians, the long tail of music was supposed to help redistribute the wealth a bit in the music industry. It was supposed to shift the industry away from having a few big artists that earn large profits to having many smaller indie/niche artists that earn moderate profits. The notion behind this was that through digitization, niche releases are more accessible to fans and thus easier to discover, purchase, and consume. Through this long tail of music, a musician's middle class was supposed to have been formed. Well, where is this musician's middle class that <a href="http://www.mediafuturist.com/" target="_blank" class="xLink">Gerd Leonhard</a> and <a href="http://www.berkleemusic.com/school/faculty-member?person_id=2876" target="_blank" class="xLink">Dave Kusek</a> <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Future-Music-Manifesto-Digital-Revolution/dp/0876390599" target="_blank" class="xLink">wrote</a> about a few years ago? Why has the long tail not proved to be commercially viable? Why aren't niche artists profiting from their art online?</p>
<p>I suspect that the long tail theory is still viable for indie and unsigned artists to make money from their works. It's undeniable that given the low overhead of making and distributing digital music, an artist could sell less and make more. Plus, there are more licensing/placement opportunities today than ever before and there are plenty of <a href="http://evolvingmusic.wordpress.com/2008/07/12/diy-profit-mechanisms/">sites</a> that help musicians leverage this. But still, why then is the long tail flat?</p>
<p>In my mind, there are three main reasons:</p>
<p>First, <a href="http://creativecommons.org/" target="_blank" class="xLink">Creative Commons</a> licensing has failed to help musicians monetize their works. Any notion of CC providing a viable profit mechanism for musicians is a pipe dream. The purpose of CC licensing is to expand the range of works available for others to legally share and collaborate on. It's clear that this is the direction that Copyright Law should go in. It's also undeniable that CC has a noble purpose that contributes to more creative works for the general public to enjoy. But, CC hasn't actually been leveraged to make artists licensing works under it any money.</p>
<p>While the reason I make music is not to make money, I certainly wouldn't mind seeing a little profit from my works. Perhaps, CC has overlooked this. With the vast number of works distributed under CC, how can their collective power be leveraged to compete against the market power of bigger acts. Isn't this what the long tail is all about? If CC doesn't figure this out, how can it reasonably expect to be an appropriate solution for distributing creative works? Right now, CC licenses seem like a better fit for reference works that people can use to share knowledge. But for unique works of art, the notions of sharing and monetization must be intertwined. Wouldn't you rather your favorite artists not get a day job so that they can always be making new music for you?</p>
<p>Second, long tail artists haven't been working collectively to distribute their music. It's hard to argue against the power in numbers; simply put, the more people that work together on a common purpose, the higher the chance that purpose is achieved. This is the underlying theory that the American Revolution was built on ("<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join,_or_Die" target="_blank" class="xLink">Join or Die</a>" anyone?), that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_bargaining" target="_blank" class="xLink">collective bargaining</a> is based on, and that a shit ton of sites on the web base their successful business models on (Craigslist is a classifieds aggregator; eBay is an auction aggregator). So, why aren't long tail musicians taking advantage of this?</p>
<p>There have been some attempts to do this, and some are even successful. <a href="http://magnatune.com/" target="_blank" class="xLink">Magnatune</a>, for example, aggregates CC works and sells them in an Itunes style store. But the biggest vault of CC works, <a href="http://ccmixter.org/" target="_blank" class="xLink">ccMixter</a> (CC's own music sharing/collaboration community), has no monetization whatsoever, not even ads (which its artists could perhaps see a rev share on). Why hasn't ccMixter leveraged the collective power of its community to make its members some money? Because of this, CC licensing seems to be more effective as a marketing tactic than a new rights management system -- license one song under CC, have fans share and remix it, and have this exposure trickle over to other songs which are sold.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.hypebot.com/hypebot/2008/06/merlins-impress.html" target="_blank" class="xLink">Merlin</a> is a good example of an organization that is thinking about the collective power of long tail musicians. Merlin is the world's first global new-media rights licensing agency that manages new-media rights for indie artists. The collective market share of Merlin artists is larger than EMI's market share. That's right, its market share is on par with the majors. Through this mechanism, indie acts can punch above their weight to <a href="http://www.guykawasaki.com/" target="_blank" class="xLink">eat like a bird and shit like an elephant</a>. And while Merlin dropped the ball a bit on the <a href="http://www.hypebot.com/hypebot/2008/07/merlin-question.html" target="_blank" class="xLink">Last.fm negotiations</a>, it wil be successful if it can find novel ways to leverage the power of its artists.</p>
<p>Third, long tail musicians haven't been presented with the right ways of creatively distributing their music so that they can actually make a profit. Despite the digital boom, it's still hard for unsigned and indie musicians to make much money form selling finished songs. While it's easy to give fans the option of buying a song, the reality is that more music is now being distributed than ever before and musicians have to compete against other long tail musicians and the many options consumers have to get the music for free.</p>
<p>What seems to be happening is that long tail artists are stuck on the notion of just selling finished works. If Merlin fails, it will certainly be because of this. Instead, long tail artists need to look to <a href="http://evolvingmusic.wordpress.com/2008/06/13/wtf-is-music-publishing/">aggregating as many sources of revenue</a> as possible, and to create as many value adds for their music as they can. A finished song should only be a part of the value proposition an artist gives a fan. If these value adds are engaging and give fans a new experience, they will convert casual fans into loyal fans and will give them a reason to financially support artists. While there are tools on the web such as <a href="http://topspinmedia.com/" target="_blank" class="xLink">Topspin</a>, <a href="http://www.reverbnation.com/" target="_blank" class="xLink">ReverbNation</a>, and <a href="http://awal.com/" target="_blank" class="xLink">AWAL</a> that currently target indie and unsigned artists, these services need to recognize that focusing on selling finished works may not be entire answer.</p>
<p>So how are we to aggregate and distribute the long tail of music so that its collective power starts making an economic fuss? How do we improve <a href="http://evolvingmusic.wordpress.com/2008/07/09/top-5-music-discovery-sites/">music discovery</a> so more of these artists get discovered? And if we're not able to sell songs, what other kinds of value adds can we give fans to boost our brands and how do we monetize those value adds? The answers to these questions are at the heart of a the type of service that unsigned/indie musicians need to profit from their works in this new era of music. Soon, <a href="http://www.mixmatchmusic.com/" target="_blank" class="xLink">we will all find out</a>.</p>
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